Jihadists seek Islamic state on Syria-Iraq border

by Staff WritersBeirut (AFP) May 21, 2014

Syria capacity to produce sarin destroyed: watchdogDamascus (AFP) May 21, 2014 - Syria's stocks of a key chemical used to produce the deadly nerve agent sarin have been destroyed, the mission overseeing the destruction of its chemical arsenal said.The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons-UN "joint mission confirms the destruction of the entire declared Syrian stockpile of isopropanol", a statement said late on Tuesday. "Now 7.2 percent of Syria's chemical weapons material remains in country and awaits swift removal for onward destruction. The joint mission urges the Syrian authorities to undertake this task as soon as possible," the statement added. Under a US-Russian deal negotiated last year, Syria signed up to the Chemical Weapons Convention and agreed to hand over its entire chemical weapons arsenal by June 30 of this year. The deal came after a sarin attack in August killed some 1,400 people in an opposition-held area near Damascus. While the opposition and its Western backers blamed forces loyal to President Bashar al-Assad, his government and its Russian ally blamed the rebels. The agreement headed off a US threat of military action. Assad's regime now faces new Western allegations that it unleashed the industrial chemical chlorine on a rebel-held village in central Hama province last month. Syria was not required to declare its stockpile of chlorine -- a toxic but weak agent -- as it is widely used for commercial and domestic purposes. But its use for military purposes would be a breach of the Chemical Weapons Convention and the OPCW announced a fact-finding mission last month.

Jihadists have launched a fresh bid to take over the Syria-Iraq border area and set up a so-called Islamic state they can control, rebels, activists and a monitoring group say.

"Their name is the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). Their goal is to link together the two areas (Syria, Iraq) to set up their state and then to continue spreading," said activist and citizen journalist Abdel Salam Hussein.

Speaking from Albu Kamal on the Iraq border, Hussein said ISIL seeks to crush Al-Nusra Front, Al-Qaeda's Syria affiliate, and control the eastern, energy-rich province of Deir Ezzor bordering Iraq.

"ISIL are trying to end Al-Nusra Front's power in the area, and if they do they will take over" the whole province, he said.

ISIL's long-time ambition of creating an area under its control stretching across Syria and Iraq was undermined by a massive January offensive against it by rival Islamist rebels.

The campaign cornered ISIL fighters in Raqa province, its bastion in northern Syria.

Once welcomed into the rebellion against President Bashar al-Assad, ISIL's aim to dominate and its horrific abuses of civilians and rival fighters sparked the wrath of much of Syria's opposition, including former ally Al-Nusra.

Rooted in Al-Qaeda in Iraq, ISIL split from the network after overall Al-Qaeda chief Ayman al-Zawahiri ordered it to stop fighting Al-Nusra.

In February, ISIL withdrew from most of Deir Ezzor after pitched battles with Al-Nusra and other Islamist groups, said rebel spokesman Omar Abu Layla.

But ISIL has since deployed "3,000 fighters from Raqa to Deir Ezzor", Abu Layla told AFP.

"Most of them are foreigners, including Europeans, Tunisians and Saudis," he said.

"ISIL have orders from their leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi to focus on Deir Ezzor, to take it over. It's their main gateway to Iraq."

- 'Oil, money, weapons' -

Activists and the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights group said violence is escalating in Deir Ezzor, with daily battles pitting ISIL rebels against Al-Nusra fighters, and a spike in car bombings.

One such attack by ISIL on Friday killed 12 people, including three children, the Observatory said.

The watchdog's director, Rami Abdel Rahman, confirmed ISIL was expanding.

"They are pressing their bid by pushing tribes to swear oaths of loyalty to them, and by fighting rival factions in an attempt to ensure they emerge the strongest," he said.

"ISIL have oil, money and weapons," he added.

Over the past year ISIL fighters have seized regime weapons depots even after they were captured in joint battles with other groups, said Abdel Rahman.

Both the Observatory and activist Hussein say ISIL now holds sway in much of the area east of the Euphrates river in Deir Ezzor province.

Hussein said the tribal nature of the area means the war there is more over oil and loyalty than ideology.

He also said some rebel commanders in Albu Kamal, a key crossing point between Iraq and Syria still beyond ISIL control, "have sworn oaths of loyalty to ISIL".

Hussein added that anti-ISIL rebels and jihadists are fighting back, but that they have suffered heavy losses.

"And with all the oil money coming in to Deir Ezzor, ISIL is able to keep its ammunition supplies well stocked," he added.

The group has distributed food to families in flashpoint areas to try to gain popular support in an area impoverished by decades of marginalisation and three years of conflict and displacement.

"The other day they were giving out fruit to families. It's a tactic to win support," Hussein said.

But rebel spokesman Abu Layla, who opposes both ISIL and the Assad regime, said he believes ISIL has no future in Deir Ezzor.

"They want to use force to set up a brutal, extremist state that has nothing to do with Islam, and people reject that," he said.

"Every day we are fighting ISIL and the regime, without a single bullet or dollar of support from the outside world," Abu Leyla said.

"They can never claim real, grassroots support. Nobody in Syria wants ISIL."